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From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (05 January 2017) [foldoc]:
Core War
(Or more recently, "Core Wars") A game played between
assembly code programs running in the core of a simulated
machine (and vicariously by their authors). The objective is
to kill your opponents' programs by overwriting them.
The programs are written using an instruction set called
"Redcode" and run on a virtual machine called "MARS"
(Memory Array Redcode Simulator).
Core War was devised by Victor Vyssotsky, Robert Morris Sr.,
and Dennis Ritchie in the early 1960s (their original game
was called "Darwin" and ran on a PDP-1 at Bell Labs).
It was first described in the "Core War Guidelines" of March,
1984 by D. G. Jones and A. K. Dewdney of the Department of
Computer Science at The University of Western Ontario
(Canada).
Dewdney wrote several "Computer Recreations" articles in
"Scientific American" which discussed Core War, starting with
the May 1984 article. Those articles are contained in the two
anthologies cited below. A.K. Dewdney's articles are still
the most readable introduction to Core War, even though the
Redcode dialect described in there is no longer current.
The International Core War Society (ICWS) creates and
maintains Core War standards and the runs Core War
tournaments. There have been six annual tournaments and two
standards (ICWS'86 and ICWS'88).
["The Armchair Universe: An Exploration of Computer Worlds",
A. K. Dewdney, W. H. Freeman, New York, 1988, ISBN
0-7167-1939-8, LCCN QA76.6 .D517 1988]
["The Magic Machine: A Handbook of Computer Sorcery",
A. K. Dewdney, W. H. Freeman, New York, 1990, ISBN
0-7167-2125-2 (Hardcover), 0-7167-2144-9 (Paperback), LCCN
QA76.6 .D5173 1990].
(1998-10-30)